DISCUSS THE FAILURE MODES AND MECHANISM IN CAST IRON WATER PIPE

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DISCUSS THE FAILURE MODES AND MECHANISM IN CAST IRON WATER PIPE

Q1: Discuss the failure modes and mechanism in cast iron water pipe

Q2: Discus the type of corrosion observed in cast iron pipe and its effect on the pipe performance. Also discuss the ways to incorporate the corrosion type in to the structural analysis of buried pipes.

Q3: Discuss the effect expansive soils and climate changes on the performance of buried pipes

Q4: Discuss the application of Schlick’s failure criterion in condition assessment of rigid pipes

Q5: An Australian Water Utility decided to assess the safety of a 400 mm diameter cast iron pipe buried under a very busy road. The following details were collected from the inspection in January 2014:

Parameter	Value
Pipe mean diameter (mm)	400
Pipe wall thickness (mm)	20
Burial depth (mm)	800
Maximum wheel load (kN)	30
Operating pressure (kPa)	400
Unit weight of soil (kN/m3)	20
Ultimate tensile strength of the pipe material (MPa)	100

Estimate the maximum pipe stress and factor of safety based on stress according to present operating conditions
a) assuming no soil lateral support
b) assuming the soil lateral earth pressure coefficient of 0.4
It is expected that the traffic conditions in the road and the operating pressure will change according to the following data

Year	Maximum likelihood wheel load (kN)	Maximum likelihood operating pressure (kPa)
2015	30	450
2016	32	520
2017	37	520
2018	45	550
2019	50	575
2020	70	600

Q6: A 300 mm diameter and 8km long AC main (30 years old) was inspected in May 2013. During inspection, core samples were collected from the pipe to determine the residual strength. It was found that the average residual strength is around 18 MPa. Also, the degradation rate was computed from the samples and given in the table below.

Sample No	Degradation rate (MPa/year)
1	0.62
2	0.40
3	0.49
4	0.49
5	0.53
6	0.57
7	0.54
8	0.52
9	0.53
10	0.48

Further, following information was collected as a part of the inspection

Parameter	Value
Pipe mean diameter (mm)	300
Pipe wall thickness (mm)	20
Burial depth (mm)	2000
Maximum traffic load pressure at the pipe level (kPa)	25
Operating pressure (kPa)	600
Unit weight of soil (kN/m3)	18

Estimate the mean and standard deviation in the predicted lifetime on the basis of the Schlick’s failure criterion. State all the assumptions

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