[Solved] INVESTIGATE ON VARIOUS PROGRAMMING PARADIGM

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[Solved] INVESTIGATE ON VARIOUS PROGRAMMING PARADIGM

This paper requires you to investigate on various programming paradigm. You are supposed to create a Subject class, and a Test Subject class to test the use of your Subject class and also provide few methods such as mentioned below. Furthermore, in Task 2 you are to provide complete class definitions and then create instances of various classes and use methods to perform various tests. In task 3, you are required to write a Java program using JavaFX that displays five playing cards. Finally, in task 4 you are to Investigate the imperative programming paradigm, as exemplified by procedural programming.

Task 1

For this task you will create a Subject class, whose instances will represent the subjects for study at a university. A subject will have a name, just a String (for example, Programming in java 1), and a subject code (for example, ITC206), which is a six-character String. The first three characters of a subject code are alphabetic and the last three are numeric. The first three characters define the subject`s discipline area. A subject code must be unique.

You will also write a TestSubject class to test the use of your Subject class. In particular this will maintain an array of subjects. In order to manage the uniqueness of the subject codes, your program will need to display information about existing subject codes as well as checking that any new subject code supplied by the user is not the same as any existing subject code.

The following state and functionality should be provided for the Subject class:

    Two fields will hold the subject’s name and the six-character subject code.

    A constructor will allow a name and a new, validated subject code to be provided when a new subject is created.

    Getters will provide access to the attributes i.e. subject name and subject code.

    An accessor method called getDiscipline will return a string containing the first three characters of the subject code (for example ITC from ITC206 subject code).

    Another accessor method called codeMatches will return a boolean value indicating if the subject`s code matches the string argument provided. "Matches" is used here in the same sense as for the matches method of the String class.

    A toString method will return a string containing the subject code and subject name.

To assist with managing subject codes and their uniqueness you will provide the Subject class with some class methods as follows:

    An allDisciplines method will accept an array of Subject objects. It will return an array containing the different 3-character discipline codes represented in the array of subjects in alphabetically order.

    A codesPerDiscipline method will accept an array of Subject objects and a 3-character discipline code. It will return an array containing the different subject codes represented in the array of subjects for the particular discipline.

    An isValidCode method will accept a string that is a possible new subject code, and return a boolean indicating whether it satisfies the structural requirements for a subject code.

    A codeExists method will accept an array of Subject objects and a possible new subject code. It will return a boolean indicating whether that code has already been allocated to one of the subjects in the array.

    A sortDisciplines method will accept an array of Subjects objects. It will return the sorted array of subjects in alphabetically order (you may sort based on the subject code only).

Your TestSubject program will perform the following sequence of actions, using good design techniques such as in the appropriate use of methods:

    An initial array of Subject objects will be created from any data in a file that was previously saved by the program. Then you need to read Subject objects from the file and store in appropriate array using your java program.

    The user interaction will then proceed to allow the user to add one or more new subjects to the array. If the user wishes to add new subjects, the discipline areas of existing subjects should be displayed in alphabetically order. The user will then enter a discipline code to which the program will respond by displaying any existing subject codes in that discipline. This procedure simplifies the user’s task of choosing subject codes that do not already exist, but does not prevent user mistake. Each subject code entered by the user should be checked. The user can enter any new subjects in that discipline (or indeed in other disciplines). The user should be given the choice of repeating the processing for other discipline areas.

    When the user has finished adding subjects, and only if subjects have indeed been added, the program will overwrite the data file with the updated data.

Note:

    You may use an ArrayList to implement an array if you prefer and it is appropriate.

Task 2

Value: 5 marks

In this task, you are required to provide complete class definitions and then create instances of various classes and use methods to perform various tests.

(a) Define an abstract class called Textbook with the following fields and methods:

• Fields: title, author, pages representing the title, author and the number of pages of a textbook for a given book respectively. Encapsulation should be used to protect these fields against intentional or accidental, direct modification
• Constructors: a no-args default constructor, and an overloaded constructor to initialise the fields to appropriate values when the instances of the class are created
• Methods: a toString() method to print a string representation of the objects, get and set methods to provide access to each of the three fields

(b) Define a subclass of the Textbook class called ProgrammingTextbook with the following additional field and methods:

• Field: language representing the particular language the programming textbook uses. Again, encapsulation should be used to protect this field against intentional or accidental, direct modification
• Constructors: a no-args default constructor, and an overloaded constructor to initialise the fields to appropriate values when the instances of the class are created
• Methods: a toString() method to print a string representation of the objects, additional get and set methods as required to provide access to the field.

(c) Define another subclass of the Textbook class called EngineeringTextbook with the following additional field and methods:

• Field: subject representing the particular engineering subject the textbook teaches. Again, encapsulation should be used to protect this field against intentional or accidental, direct modification
• Constructors: a no-args default constructor, and an overloaded constructor to initialise the fields to appropriate values when the instances of the class are created
• Methods: a toString() method to print a string representation of the objects, additional get and set methods as required to provide access to the field

(d) Finally, define another class called TestTextbooks with a main() method to perform necessary testing for the classes defined in the previous sections.  In the main method, write the code to create at least two objects of the ProgrammingTextbook class and at least two other objects of the EngineeringTextbook class. Create an ArrayList object to store references to these objects and then test various methods of the objects using loop(s) and methods as necessary.

Ensure that the program is appropriately documented throughout and thoroughly tested to demonstrate its correct operation.

Task 3

Value: 4 marks

Write a Java program using JavaFX that displays five playing cards. In the first row display three playing cards (randomly selected from the first 52 cards). In the second and third rows display a Joker card at 45 degree and 90 degree angles respectively.

The image icons used in the questions are available in the Resource folder of Interact2. You may need to use HBox and/or VBox Pane.

Task 4

Value: 3 marks

Investigate the imperative programming paradigm, as exemplified by procedural programming and object-oriented programming, and the declarative programming paradigm, as exemplified by functional programming and logic programming.

The Reading from Brookshear, 2012 will form a starting point for your investigation. For further investigation, remember that you should not reference Wikipedia items in an essay, so make sure to find articles that you can reference.

Write an essay, of approximately 800 words, based on your investigation, which provides answers to the following questions:

    What are the essential differences between the paradigms?

    What are some of the programming languages used for these different paradigms?

    What specific advantages are provided by these different programming approaches?

Your essay should be referenced using the APA referencing style.