[Solved] Biomedical engineers have been developing treatments for reparing articular cartilage defects in the synovial joint for m

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[Solved] Biomedical engineers have been developing treatments for reparing articular cartilage defects in the synovial joint for many years. One such method involves tissue engineering an explant of articular cartilage in vitro that could be subsequently implanted into degenerated knee joints of mice or pigs for animal study.

MAT311 Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

Question 1

Biomedical engineers have been developing treatments for reparing articular cartilage defects in the synovial joint for many years. One such method involves tissue engineering an explant of articular cartilage in vitro that could be subsequently implanted into degenerated knee joints of mice or pigs for animal study.

(a) Explain the fundamental principles in tissue engineering for repairing cartilage defects. [10 marks]

(b) Describe the in vitro methods used to stimulate cartilage tissue formation with bioactive scaffolds. [10 marks]

(c) Address the challenges of engineering cartilage constructs for implantation into knee joints for animal studies in mice and pigs. [15 marks]

(d) Give examples of three state of the art technologies that have been developed in the last five years for cartilage repair and could be used to improve the performance of the tissue engineering product. [